No thank you. LII U. Constitution Article III. Section 2. Section 3. Congress passed the Judiciary Act of and the Judiciary Act of to set up the branch as we know it today. They created a three level tiered system and laid down certain rules concerning operation of the courts. The Supreme Court was given certain powers in the Constitution to rule on cases directly.
This is called original jurisdiction. They have original jurisdiction on cases involving the President and other issues outlined in article three of the Constitution. You might want to look at the Constitution article III to see some of the others. Mostly however the Supreme Court is only an appeals court. This means that they only hear cases after the they have been heard by lower courts. In this sense the Supreme Court has what is known as appellate jurisdiction.
Federal Judges get "lifetime tenure. Judges can be impeached by Congress for misconduct or for "high crimes and misdemeanors. Why would we want judges to have lifetime tenure? Answer: It allows them to be free of political or job considerations when making decisions. The Judicial Branch the way we know it was set up by Congressional action. The Judiciary Act of set up a three tiered court system. The Supreme Court. The Circuit Court. The District Courts. The chart below shows the levels of the courts as well as some of other federal courts that are part of the Judicial Branch.
Because this is the case states have also established courts. State courts deal with most crimes. Federal courts deal with crimes occurring on federal property, violation of federal crimes and alleged violations of the Constitution. On the eve of his last day in office outgoing President John Adams, a Federalist, appoints 82 Federalist justices.
These "midnight judges," as they were called, represented a threat to incoming President Thomas Jefferson, a Democrat-Republican. Jefferson feared Federalist interpretation of the law for the next 20 years, a fear that ended up coming to fruition. Among these midnight judges was one William Marbury.
The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.
The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;-- to Controversies between two or more States;--between a State and Citizens of another State;--between Citizens of different States;--between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment; shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
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